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CIH Linux Driver Reverse Engineering

Page history last edited by Scott Tsai 14 years, 9 months ago

 

Linux Driver Reverse Engineering

 

Back-story

In a previous life, I worked for a hardware company with a wireless communication product. The hardware was almost a copy of the chip vendor's reference design which is already in mass production running a different OS. One day my boss came to me and said: "We want to support Linux on this product!" but for the wireless part of the hardware there was no Linux driver nor any datasheets or sample code.

We "somehow" got certain C code snippets from the wireless driver for the other OS:

int my_init(void)

{

        my_test();

        my_dev->reg.data1 = DATA1;

        my_dev->reg.data2 = DATA2;

        my_dev->reg.data3 = DATA3;

        my_dev->reg.data4 = DATA4;

        initial_irq(IRQ_WLAN, my_isr, 0, MY_NAME, my_argv);

}

this talk is about finding the values of DATA1~4 by reverse engineering.

 

目錄

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FreedomHEC

FreedomHEC Taipei 2009[1] 2009/06/11

CIH<Software Magician>

EMAIL:IamCIH(AT)gmail(DOT)com

GIGA-BYTE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

故事的開始

看一下,下面這個C檔案(部分擷取)。

int my_init(void)
{
my_test();
my_dev->reg.data1 = DATA1;
my_dev->reg.data2 = DATA2;
my_dev->reg.data3 = DATA3;
my_dev->reg.data4 = DATA4;
initial_irq(IRQ_WLAN, my_isr, 0, MY_NAME, my_argv);
}

好幾年前,在我前幾份工作。某天老闆找我說:"某個網通產品(幾乎照抄公板),已經開始賣了"。老闆希望拿這個產品的公板,改porting到Linux。其中WLAN driver,Linux 100%不support。偏偏這個driver沒有任何sample code、也沒有任何initial code,完全找不到,要不到,只有拿到這個C檔案(公板上的code)。但是呢、沒有.h檔案。那DATA1~DATA4這些值,根本無法得知?怎麼辦?老闆說:"景氣不好,這個工作你幹不幹?"。我只能回答:"幹"。

開始想方法

我:老闆我們去買公板上的solution,好不好?裡面就有完整的code。

老闆:拿你一整年的薪水去買,就可以。

我:==_==|||

這個driver要從無開始寫出來,不知道要寫到民國幾年?所以,那只有暴力型破解硬幹了。我叫公司買一台那個網通產品。決定,在這2 MB flash的binary裡面,去找DATA1~DATA4。

P.S 以上的故事的描述,用極誇張的方式去捏造,不用當真。

關於破解

這類的破解,一定可以破解,只是時間長短。可能不到一個小時,可能一天,可能一兩個禮拜。若是遇到軟體故意防破保護,甚至要好幾個月,或更久。在還沒有去try的情況,是很難評估所需的時間,因此,必須花一兩天去try,才能做時間的評估。

破解的3個重點:

  1. 能力與經驗
  2. 耐心與耐力
  3. 運氣

在我的作法,花一兩天去try,順便評估可能所需要的時間。若超出這個時間,就放棄。在這個Case,我預計花的時間,假如超過5天以上,就放棄逆向工程的破解。

結果呢~在破解的過程中,運氣太好了,超出我的預計,不到一天的時間,就全部找到,並且把C檔案欠缺的東西,全部填回去。

尋找Flash裡面的資料

  • 方法一
    • 若有Flash的燒錄器,同時有適合socket的話。就把flash拔掉,用燒入器把Flash內容讀出來。
  • 方法二
    • NOR Flash
    • Minicom可以透過UART連上板子
    • 可以下dump memory的指令
    • 查SOC Memory map,把NOR flash的內容全部dump出來
  • 方法三
    • 透過JTAG把flash讀出來

在此Case,因為SOC沒有JTAG pin,所以只能採用方法一、二。哪種方法都可以,但是最後要注意的是,要透過任何方式(UART、USB),想辦法得到開機所有訊息。

若是運氣好,WLAN的debug訊息有印出來,那就可以找到相對映flash的位址,反組譯後,就可以查到WLAN driver的組合語言。

結果,運氣超級不好。沒有WLAN的訊息。更慘的是,幾乎沒有debug message。只能下簡單幾個command,去write memory、dump memory。因此,我唯一的訊息,就是command的說明。

最後情況:

在flash image裡面,找不到command說明。這代表一件事,這個image有做過處理,或是壓縮起來。

宣告失敗!!!

ARM組合語言

在這個板子,CPU是ARM7 TDMI,NO-MMU。對ARM組語完全不懂,是很難做逆向破解。所以我們很簡單介紹ARM組合語言。

ARM的C function,在組合語言裡面,如何傳遞參數(參考資料:Procedure Call Standard for the ARM Architecture p.15, ARM Assembly Language Programming 的 Index)

$ cat g.c

xxx(int a1, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6)
{
}
main()
{
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
/****************/
/* 用夾擊法     */
xxx(1,2,3,4,5,6);
/****************/
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
}
  • $ arm-elf-gcc g.c -S
  • $ cat g.s
nop
nop
nop
mov     r3, #5
str     r3, [sp, #0]   ==> 參數5 stack
mov     r3, #6
str     r3, [sp, #4]   ==> 參數6 stack
mov     r0, #1         ==> 參數1 r0
mov     r1, #2         ==> 參數2 r1
mov     r2, #3         ==> 參數3 r2
mov     r3, #4         ==> 參數4 r3
bl      xxx
nop
nop
nop

ARM的C function,進入、返回,的組合語言

$ cat g.c

xxx() {}             /******************************/
/* 用xxx和nop夾擊function進入 */
main()
{
asm("nop");
asm("nop");  /******************************/
asm("nop");  /* 用nop和yyy夾擊function返回 */
}
yyy() {}             /******************************/
  • $ arm-elf-gcc g.c -o g
  • $ arm-elf-objdump -d g [2]
0x00008218 <xxx>:
0x8218:       e1a0c00d        mov     ip, sp
0x821c:       e92dd800        stmdb   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
0x8220:       e24cb004        sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
0x8224:       e1a00003        mov     r0, r3
0x8228:       e89da800        ldmia   sp, {fp, sp, pc}
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*****************************/
0x0000822c <main>:                /* C function enter          */
0x822c:       e1a0c00d        mov     ip, sp
0x8230:       e92dd800        stmdb   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc} ==> 這行是重點
0x8234:       e24cb004        sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
/*****************************/
----------------------------------------------------------------------
0x8238:       e1a00000        nop                     (mov r0,r0)
0x823c:       e1a00000        nop                     (mov r0,r0)
0x8240:       e1a00000        nop                     (mov r0,r0)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*****************************/
/* C function exit           */
0x8244:       e1a00003        mov     r0, r3
0x8248:       e89da800        ldmia   sp, {fp, sp, pc} ==> 這行是重點
/*****************************/
----------------------------------------------------------------------
0x0000824c <yyy>:
0x824c:       e1a0c00d        mov     ip, sp
0x8250:       e92dd800        stmdb   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
0x8254:       e24cb004        sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
0x8258:       e1a00003        mov     r0, r3
0x825c:       e89da800        ldmia   sp, {fp, sp, pc}

ARM CPU中斷向列表

在0x00000000或是0xffff0000

0x00000000 Reset
0x00000004 Undefined instruction
0x00000008 Software interrupt
0x0000000C Abort(prefetch)
0x00000010 Abort(data)
0x00000014 Reserved
0x00000018 IRQ
0x0000001C FIQ

決定去RAM尋找

全部8MB

怎麼找?

花幾分鍾想一下,再繼續往下看...

我們面臨到的問題就是:

  • 如何把裡面的RAM抓出來?
  • 如何反組譯變成ARM組合語言?

最重要的一個問題就是,怎麼找?大海撈針嗎?

Dump RAM裡面的資料

> d 0x00000000
00000000  00 00 9f ef dd 00 00 ea  10 f4 9f e5 bb 00 00 ea  |................|
00000010  9a 00 00 ea fa 00 00 ea  78 00 00 ea f7 00 00 ea  |........x.......|
00000020  02 00 00 ea 18 28 6f 01  00 00 00 00 3c e9 07 00  |.....(o.....<...|
......
000000d0  0d 3e b5 e8 0d 3e a1 e8  0d 3e b5 e8 0d 3e a1 e8  |.>...>...>...>..|
000000e0  0d 3e b5 e8 0d 3e a1 e8  08 00 55 e1 f5 ff ff ba  |.>...>....U.....|
000000f0  00 00 a0 e3 07 10 a0 e1  04 f0 a0 e1 00 00 00 00  |................|

> d 0x00001000
> d 0x00002000
......
> d 0x007fff00
007fff00  54 ff 7f 00 10 ff 7f 00  78 1f 04 00 60 1b 04 00  |T.......x...`...|
007fff10  00 e0 7f 00 f4 01 00 00  00 00 00 00 68 ff 7f 00  |............h...|
007fff20  05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 d0 6f 00 80 00 00 00  |..........o.....|
......
007fffd0  7c fe 7b 00 04 e0 6f 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ||.{...o.........|
007fffe0  00 e0 6f 00 34 fe 7b 00  04 e0 6f 00 24 fe 7b 00  |..o.4.{...o.$.{.|
007ffff0  44 02 79 00 18 28 7a 00  10 00 00 60 03 00 00 00  |D.y..(z....`....|
  • $ arm-elf-objcopy -B arm -I binary -O elf32-littlearm xxx.bin xxx.elf
  • $ arm-elf-objdump -D -z xxx.elf > xxx
  • $ cat xxx
Reset                  0x0:       swi     0x009f0000
Undefined instruction  0x4:       b       380 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x380>
Software interrupt     0x8:       ldr     pc, [pc, #1040] ; 420 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x420>
Abort(prefetch)        0xc:       b       300 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x300>
Abort(data)           0x10:       b       280 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x280>
Reserved              0x14:       b       404 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x404>
IRQ                   0x18:       b       200 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x200>
FIQ                   0x1c:       b       400 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x400>
以下省略

怎麼找

在這個8MB的ARM組合語言,怎麼尋找那個C檔案欠缺的DATA1~DATA4?

事實上,很簡單。利用一行組合語言,毀掉系統。

若是在WLAN的程式碼,我們硬塞這一行組合語言。當WLAN沒動作的時候,整個系統會正常。但是一但WLAN瞬間運作,若踏入這一行組語,整個系統就會死翹翹,就代表這個地方一定是WLAN的code。

那要塞什麼組合語言?

  • mov pc, #0
    • pc是Program Counter。寫入0,就是跳到0的位置,在ARM裡面,0是reset的進入點。
    • 我沒採用這個方法。因為這是軟體reset,有可能會reset失敗,造成誤判。
  • while(1)的組合語言
    • 我採用這個方式。一但踏進這裡,整個系統一定會卡住。

$ cat g.c

main()
{
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
while(1);
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
}
  • $ arm-elf-gcc g.c -o g
  • $ arm-elf-objdump -d g
0x00008218 <main>:
0x8218:       e1a0c00d        mov     ip, sp
0x821c:       e92dd800        stmdb   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
0x8220:       e24cb004        sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
0x8224:       e1a00000        nop                     (mov r0,r0)
0x8228:       e1a00000        nop                     (mov r0,r0)
0x822c:       e1a00000        nop                     (mov r0,r0)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
0x8230:       eafffffe        b       8230 <main+0x18> ; while(1);
----------------------------------------------------------------------
0x00008234 <atexit>:
0x8234:       e1a0c00d        mov     ip, sp

問:那要從哪裡開始毀掉系統?

答:IRQ的進入點。

當WLAN的中斷產生時,一定先從IRQ進入,最後會跑到WLAN的ISR。所以我們就從IRQ進入點,追到WLAN ISR。

問:哪些點要毀掉?

答:寫入pc register、所有判斷式branch指令(例如:beq、bne、bgt等等)。

這個系統有提供Write Memory的command,讓我們把中斷向量表IRQ毀掉吧。

> e 0x00000018 0xeafffffe

關於IRQ

儘可能把所有周邊IRQ disable,最後應該只會有System timer、UART、WLAN的IRQ發生。

從IRQ中斷進入點開始追

    0x200:       ldr     sp, [pc, #540]  ; 424 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x424>
    0x204:       sub     lr, lr, #4      ; 0x4
    0x208:       str     lr, [sp]
    0x20c:       mrs     lr, SPSR
    0x210:       str     lr, [sp, #4]
    0x214:       mrs     sp, SPSR
    0x218:       bic     sp, sp, #31     ; 0x1f
    0x21c:       orr     sp, sp, #147    ; 0x93
    0x220:       msr     SPSR_c, sp
    0x224:       and     lr, lr, #15     ; 0xf
    0x228:       ldr     lr, [pc, lr, lsl #2]   ; lr=*(pc+lr*4)=*(0x230+lr*4);
    0x22c:       movs    pc, lr
    0x230:       0x00015840 lr=0 死翹翹
    0x234:       0x000155a8 lr=1 系統正常運作
    0x238:       0x000155a8 lr=2 系統正常運作
    以下省略

繼續追

  0x15840:死翹翹 sub     sp, sp, #72     ; 0x48
  0x15844:       stmia   sp, {r0, r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8, r9, sl, fp, ip}
  0x15848:       ldr     r4, [pc, #-112] ; 157e0 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x157e0>
  0x1584c:       add     r8, sp, #60     ; 0x3c
  0x15850:       ldmia   r4, {r5, r6, r7}
  0x15854:       stmia   r8, {r5, r6, r7}
  0x15858:       stmdb   r8, {sp, lr}^
  0x1585c:       mov     fp, #0  ; 0x0
  0x15860:       mov     r5, #-2080374784        ; 0x84000000
  0x15864:       ldr     r6, [r5]
  0x15868:       mov     r0, #0  ; 0x0
  0x1586c:       tst     r6, #1  ; 0x1
  0x15870:       addeq   r0, r0, #1      ; 0x1
  0x15874:       moveq   r6, r6, lsr #1
  0x15878:       tsteq   r0, #8  ; 0x8
  0x1587c:       beq     1586c <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x1586c> 系統正常運作
  0x15880:死翹翹 teq     r0, #8  ; 0x8
  0x15884:       movne   r1, sp
  0x15888:       subne   lr, pc, #48     ; 0x30
  0x1588c:       bne     161d0 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x161d0> 死翹翹
  0x15890:正常   mov     r8, #0  ; 0x0
  0x15894:       mov     r7, sp, lsr #13
  0x15898:       mov     r7, r7, lsl #13
  0x1589c:       b       159e4 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x159e4>

在這裡開始分叉-找到WLAN的ISR

  0x161d0:死翹翹 mov     ip, sp
  0x161d4:       stmdb   sp!, {r4, r5, r6, r7, r8, r9, sl, fp, ip, lr, pc}
  0x161d8:       sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
  0x161dc:       mov     r5, r0
  0x161e0:       cmp     r5, #7  ; 0x7
  0x161e4:       mov     sl, r1
  0x161e8:       bgt     16300 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x16300> 正常
  0x161ec:死翹翹 ldr     r8, [pc, #300]  ; 16320 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x16320>
  0x161f0:       mov     r6, r5, lsl #5
  0x161f4:       add     r7, r6, r8
  0x161f8:       mov     lr, pc
  0x161fc:       ldr     pc, [r7, #4]   ; pc=*(0x11f08c+r0*32+4);
  0x16200:       ldr     r0, [pc, #284]  ; 16324 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x16324>
  0x16204:       ldr     r1, [pc, #284]  ; 16328 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x16328>
  0x16208:       ldr     r3, [r0, #4]
  0x1620c:       ldrb    r2, [r6, r8]
  0x16210:       add     r3, r3, #1      ; 0x1
  0x16214:       str     r3, [r0, #4]
  0x16218:       orr     r2, r2, #4      ; 0x4
  0x1621c:       strb    r2, [r6, r8]
  0x16220:       mov     r2, r5, lsl #2
  0x16224:       ldr     r3, [r1, r2]
  0x16228:       mov     r9, r0
  0x1622c:       ldr     r4, [r7, #16]
  0x16230:       add     r3, r3, #1      ; 0x1
  0x16234:       cmp     r4, #0  ; 0x0
  0x16238:       str     r3, [r1, r2]
  0x1623c:       beq     162d4 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x162d4> 正常
  0x16240:死翹翹 ldrb    r3, [r6, r8]
  0x16244:       mov     r6, #0  ; 0x0
  0x16248:       tst     r3, #1  ; 0x1
  0x1624c:       beq     1625c <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x1625c> 正常
  0x16250:死翹翹 mov     r0, r5
  0x16254:       mov     lr, pc
  0x16258:       ldr     pc, [r7, #12]   ; pc=*(0x11f08c+r0*32+12);
  0x1625c:       ldr     r3, [r4, #4]
  0x16260:       tst     r3, #536870912  ; 0x20000000
  0x16264:       bne     16274 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x16274> 正常
  0x16268:死翹翹 mrs     r3, CPSR
  0x1626c:       bic     r3, r3, #128    ; 0x80
  0x16270:       msr     CPSR_c, r3
  0x16274:       mov     r0, r5
  0x16278:       ldr     r3, [r4, #4]
  0x1627c:       mov     r2, sl
  0x16280:       ldr     r1, [r4, #16]
  0x16284:       orr     r6, r6, r3
  0x16288:       mov     lr, pc
  0x1628c:       ldr     pc, [r4]   ; pc=*( *(0x11f08c+r0*32+16) );[3]
  0x16290:       ldr     r4, [r4, #20]
  0x16294:       cmp     r4, #0  ; 0x0
  0x16298:       bne     16274 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x16274>
  0x1629c:       tst     r6, #268435456  ; 0x10000000

  0x16320:       0011f08c

r0=0
  0   0x11f08c:       00000036
  4   0x11f090:       0001ae90
  8   0x11f094:       0001ae40
 12   0x11f098:       0001ae68
 16   0x11f09c:       00101140
 20   0x11f0a0:       00000000
 24   0x11f0a4:       000e8c94
 28   0x11f0a8:       0004a370

r0=1
 0x11f0ac:       00000030
 0x11f0b0:       0001ae90
 0x11f0b4:       0001ae40
 0x11f0b8:       0001ae68
 0x11f0bc:       00000000
 0x11f0c0:       00000000
 0x11f0c4:       00000000
 0x11f0c8:       00000000

r0=2
 0x11f0cc:       00000030
 0x11f0d0:       0001ae90
 0x11f0d4:       0001ae40
 0x11f0d8:       0001ae68
 0x11f0dc:       00000000
 0x11f0e0:       00000000
 0x11f0e4:       00000000
 0x11f0e8:       00000000

r0=3
 0x11f0ec:       00000030
 0x11f0f0:       0001ae90
 0x11f0f4:       0001ae40
 0x11f0f8:       0001ae68
 0x11f0fc:       00000000
 0x11f100:       00000000
 0x11f104:       00000000
 0x11f108:       00000000

r0=4
 0x11f10c:       00000030
 0x11f110:       0001ae90
 0x11f114:       0001ae40
 0x11f118:       0001ae68
 0x11f11c:       00000000
 0x11f120:       00000000
 0x11f124:       00000000
 0x11f128:       00000000

r0=5
 0x11f12c:       00000036
 0x11f130:       0001ae90
 0x11f134:       0001ae40
 0x11f138:       0001ae68
 0x11f13c:       0017f300
 0x11f140:       00000001
 0x11f144:       00070dac
 0x11f148:       0004a365

r0=6 WLAN ISR
 0x11f14c:       00000030
 0x11f150:       0001ae90
 0x11f154:       0001ae40
 0x11f158:       0001ae68
 0x11f15c:       00178000
 0x11f160:       00000000
 0x11f164:       00000000
 0x11f168:       00000000

r0=7 Ethernet ISR
 0x11f16c:       00000036
 0x11f170:       0001ae90
 0x11f174:       0001ae40
 0x11f178:       0001ae68
 0x11f17c:       001d6ac0
 0x11f180:       00000000
 0x11f184:       00016e28
 0x11f188:       0004a352

r0=8
 0x11f18c:       00000000
 0x11f190:       00000000
 0x11f194:       00000000
 0x11f198:       00000000
 0x11f19c:       00000000
 0x11f1a0:       00000000
 0x11f1a4:       00000000
 0x11f1a8:       00000000

  0x1ae90:       mov     ip, sp
  0x1ae94:       stmdb   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
  0x1ae98:       sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
  0x1ae9c:       mov     r3, #-2147483636        ; 0x8000000c
  0x1aea0:       add     r3, r3, #67108864       ; 0x4000000
  0x1aea4:       ldr     r2, [r3]
  0x1aea8:       mov     r1, #1  ; 0x1
  0x1aeac:       orr     r2, r2, r1, lsl r0
  0x1aeb0:       str     r2, [r3]
  0x1aeb4:       ldmdb   fp, {fp, sp, pc}

  0x1ae68:       mov     ip, sp
  0x1ae6c:       stmdb   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc
  0x1ae70:       sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
  0x1ae74:       mov     r3, #-2147483640        ; 0x80000008
  0x1ae78:       add     r3, r3, #67108864       ; 0x4000000
  0x1ae7c:       ldr     r2, [r3]
  0x1ae80:       mov     r1, #1  ; 0x1
  0x1ae84:       orr     r2, r2, r1, lsl r0
  0x1ae88:       str     r2, [r3]
  0x1ae8c:       ldmdb   fp, {fp, sp, pc}

  0x178000:       0007b150 WLAN ISR
    0xf8b4:       0007b150 WLAN ISR
  0x1d6ac0:       000756ec Ethernet ISR
   0x756dc:       000756ec Ethernet ISR

  0x7b150:       mov     ip, sp   ; WLAN ISR
  0x7b154:       stmdb   sp!, {r4, r5, r6, r7, fp, ip, lr, pc}
  0x7b158:       mov     r6, r1
  0x7b15c:       ldr     r3, [r6, #192]
  0x7b160:       sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
  0x7b164:       ldr     r5, [r3, #40]

   0xf814:       ldr     r1, [pc, #152]  ; f8b4 <_binary_123_start+0x68b4>
   0xf818:       mov     r0, #6  ; 0x6
   0xf81c:       ldr     r3, [pc, #148]  ; f8b8 <_binary_123_start+0x68b8>
   0xf820:       mov     r2, r6
   0xf824:       str     r5, [sp]
   0xf828:       bl      16410 <_binary_123_start+0xd410>
                 initial_irq(IRQ_WLAN, my_isr, 0, MY_NAME, my_argv);
   0xf8b8:       0xfff0
   0xfff0:       'wlan'

  0x756ec:       mov     ip, sp   ; Ethernet ISR
  0x756f0:       stmdb   sp!, {r4, r5, r6, r7, fp, ip, lr, pc}
  0x756f4:       sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
  0x756f8:       mov     r3, #180        ; 0xb4
  0x756fc:       add     r3, r3, #-2013265920    ; 0x88000000
  0x75700:       mvn     r2, #-268435456 ; 0xf0000000

  0x7564c:       ldr     r1, [pc, #136]  ; 756dc <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x756dc>
  0x75650:       str     r2, [r3]
  0x75654:       ldr     r3, [pc, #132]  ; 756e0 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x756e0>
  0x75658:       mov     r0, #7  ; 0x7
  0x7565c:       ldr     ip, [r3]
  0x75660:       mov     r4, #0  ; 0x0
  0x75664:       ldr     r3, [pc, #120]  ; 756e4 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x756e4>
  0x75668:       mov     r2, r4
  0x7566c:       str     ip, [sp]
  0x75670:       bl      16410 <_binary_xxx_bin_start+0x16410>

找到了

int my_init(void)
{
my_test();
my_dev->reg.data1 = DATA1;
my_dev->reg.data2 = DATA2;
my_dev->reg.data3 = DATA3;
my_dev->reg.data4 = DATA4;
initial_irq(IRQ_WLAN, my_isr, 0, MY_NAME, my_argv);
}

0xf7ec:       bl      d7c14 <_binary_123_start+0xcec14>
my_test();
0xf7f0:       mov     r3, #2336       ; 0x920
0xf7f4:       add     r3, r3, #10     ; 0xa
0xf7f8:       strh    r3, [r4, #60]
my_dev->reg.data1 = DATA1;
my_dev->reg.data1 = 0x92a;
0xf7fc:       mov     r3, #2432       ; 0x980
0xf800:       strh    r3, [r4, #62]
my_dev->reg.data2 = DATA2;
my_dev->reg.data2 = 0x980;
0xf804:       mov     r3, #3  ; 0x3
0xf808:       strh    r3, [r4, #64]
my_dev->reg.data3 = DATA3;
my_dev->reg.data3 = 0x3;
0xf80c:       mov     r3, #15 ; 0xf
0xf810:       strh    r3, [r4, #66]
my_dev->reg.data4 = DATA4;
my_dev->reg.data4 = 0xf;
0xf814:       ldr     r1, [pc, #152]  ; f8b4 <_binary_123_start+0x68b4>
0xf818:       mov     r0, #6  ; 0x6
0xf81c:       ldr     r3, [pc, #148]  ; f8b8 <_binary_123_start+0x68b8>
0xf820:       mov     r2, r6
0xf824:       str     r5, [sp]
0xf828:       bl      16410 <_binary_123_start+0xd410>
initial_irq(IRQ_WLAN, my_isr, 0, MY_NAME, my_argv);

註解

  1. http://www.oss.org.tw/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=freedomhec2009

    http://freedomhectaipei.pbworks.com

    http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS8928401338.html

  2. 為了方便閱讀,這裡所有objdump的輸出內容,有做一點小修改。所以與最原始的內容,會有些許差異。
  3. 簡化過的結果。真實情況是,會執行r4這個List裡面所有的isr。簡單描述如下:

    struct XXX

    {

            ISR isr;

            XXX *next;

    };

    XXX *r4 = 0x00178000;

 

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